Bmi-1 as A Molecular Marker for Prognosis of Pediatric ALL / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study whether the Bmi-1 gene can be a biomarker for analysis of clinical risk stratification and prognosis of ALL patients.@*METHODS@#The expression level of Bmi-1 gene in bone marrow samples from 127 cases of newly diagnosed ALL was detected by qRT-PCR, at the same time the expression level of Bmi-1 protein in bone marrow samples from above-mentioned cases was detected by Western blot. The collected samples were divided into 3 groups: high, intermediate and low risk according to clinical risk stratfication, the relationship between Bmi-1 expression and risk grade of ALL patients was analyzed; at the same time the collected samples were divided into 2 groups: prednisone good response (PGR) and prednisone poor respouse (PPR) according to the sensitivity of prednison test, and the sensitivily to prednisone in 2 groups was compared; moreover, the collected samples were divided into 2 groups: high level and low level according to median of Bmi-1 level, and the relation of Bmi-1 level with prognosis of patients was analyzed by using the Kaplan-Meier method.@*RESULTS@#The expression level of Bmi-1 in low risk group was lowest, while that in high risk group was highest, however that in intermediat risk group was between the low and high risk groups, statistical analysis showed significant difference (P＜0.05). The expression level of Bmi-1 in PPR group was significantly higher than that in PGR group (P＜0.001). The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the RFS rate in Bmi-1 high expression group was significantly lower than that in Bmi-1 low expression group (73.0% vs 90.6%) (P＜0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#The Bmi-1 can be used as a molecular marker for the analysis of chinical risk and prognosis of pediatric ALL.

Short-term clinical outcomes in extremely/very low birth weight infants with individual nutritional support / 肠外与肠内营养

Objective: To explore the application value of bedside nasojejunal feeding tube placement using four steps of ultrasonic-assisted method in critical ill patients. Method: Thirty-three critical ill patients receiving enteral nutrition were enrolled. We adopt four steps of ultrasonic guidance to conduct nasojejunal feeding tube placement. The details were as followed: nasojejunal feeding tube placement within the esophagus, within Gastric body, within After the pylorus, at last the location of nasojejunal feeding tube. Results: The placement of nasojejunal feeding tube was successful in 28 patients, failed in 2 patients. The failure reason include that the false appearance of pylorus through and the lost gastrointestinal motility led to the sticking of nasojejunal feeding tube on arcus major ventriculi and it couldn't enter into gastric antrum and pylorus. Conclusion: The application of nasojejunal feeding tube placement by four steps of ultrasonic-assisted is a novel feeding technique, and it's simple, effective, noninvasive and repeatability procedure with a high success rate and low complications.

Lithium chloride arrests HK-2 cell cycle in G2 phase through AKT/GSK-3β signal pathway / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of lithium chloride (LiCl) on cell cycle of HK-2 cells and explore the possible pathways involved.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HK-2 cells were treated with LiCl at different concentrations (5, 12.5, 20, and 25 mmol/L) for 12, 24, 48, or 72 h, and the changes in cell cycle and viability were detected using flow cytometry and CCK-8 assay, respectively. Western blotting was used to analyze the changes in the expressions of cyclin B1 and CDK1 (the two G2 phase-related proteins) and those of AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway-related proteins in the treated cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>LiCl treatment time- and concentration-dependently increased HK-2 cell percentage in G2 phase and decreased the cell vitality. The expressions of cyclin B1, CDK1, p-GSK-3β, and β-catenin increased and the expression of p-AKT decreased significantly in the cells as LiCl treatment time and concentration increased.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>LiCl may cause HK-2 cell cycle arrest in G2 phase through activation of the AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway.</p>

Optimize excipients for Yinsang hypoglycemic granules by using multiple indexes / 中国中药杂志

Optimal excipients were screened by studying the effect of different excipients on the hygroscopicity of the extract, testing polysaccharide in the preparation and blood glucose value. Single factor tests were performed with hygroscopicity, formability and fluidity as the indexes, and the moisture content, granule yield and angle of repose were combined with physical characters of the materials to screen the proportioning and dosage of excipients. Then the critical relative humidity of preferred Yinsang granules were measured. The optimum excipients for Yinsang hypoglycemic granules were mulberry leaf paste-microcrystalline cellulose-mactra veneriformis crude polysaccharides (10∶9∶1.67). The obtained granules had good formability and fluidity, which were not easy to absorb moisture for liquefaction, with a critical relative humidity of 73%. This formation process was reasonable and feasible, suitable for industrial production, which can significantly improve hygroscopicity and liquefaction properties of extracts, improve stability of Yinsang granules, and provide reference for screening of excipients for other preparations.

Three basic modes for patients' clinical decision-making in China / 中国结合医学杂志

In China, there are three basic clinical decision-making modes for patients, namely patients' autonomous decision-making mode, family decision-making mode and patient and family codetermination. They were produced under the unique background of Chinese medicine, Confucian philosophy and law in China. In this paper, the concepts, advantages and disadvantages of these three decision-making modes were analyzed. In addition, some suggestions were put forward for the improvement. The first is that we suggest to establish standards for choosing decision-making modes; the second is to further learn and publicize relevant laws; thirdly, the legal system needs to be further refined; and the last one is to carry out ethical ward round.

Analysis for clinicopathological features, therapy and prognosis of 30 elderly patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma / 中国实验血液学杂志

The purpose of this study was to explore the clinicopathological features, therapy and prognostic factors of elderly patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). The clinical data including general clinical characteristics, pathological features, chemotherapy selection and treatment response of 30 patients with NHL in our hospital from January 2003 to December 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. The survival was analyzed by using Kaplan-Meier methods, and the prognosis was evaluated by COX regression multivariate analysis model. The clinical parameters selected include age, Ann Arbor stage, international prognostic index (IPI), B symptom and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. The results showed that all the patients suffered from underlying disease, and the cardiovascular disease (hypertension, coronary heart disease, arrhythmia) is the most common, and minority (8/30) combined with secondary tumor, the 63% (19/30) cases had B symptoms at diagnosis. only 2 cases were diagnosed as T-cell lymphoma; the 93% (28/30) cases combined with B-cell lymphoma, 57% (17/28) of them combined with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Ann-Arbor stage ≤ IIwas 37% (11/30);10(37%) patient's IPI score was ≤ 2, and 67% (20/30) was scored 3-5; 13(43%) patient's serum LDH level was abnormal. Modified R-CHOP chemotherapy was given individually on the basis of clinical features. The patients achieved complete remission, partial remission, stable disease, or progressive disease accounted for 14 (46.7%), 13 (43.3%), 1 (3.3%), and 2 (6.7%), respectively; the total reaction rate was 90% after 4 cycles of chemotherapy; the overall survival (OS) rate at 1 and 2 years was 73.3% and 43.3%, and progression-free survival (PFS)rate at 0.5 and 1 years was 62.2% and 54.9%; multivariate analysis by COX regression showed that B symptoms and Ann-Arbor stage were independent factors (P = 0.014, 0.039; RR = 6.678, 4.939, respectively) affecting the OS of elderly NHL, and IPI score affected PFS independently. It is concluded that elderly patients with NHL usually are of late stage at newly diagnosis and have suffered from underlaying diseases. Besides strengthening supportive treatment, modified R-CHOP chemotherapy should be given individually according to different prognosis. B symptoms and Ann-Arbor stage >II are indicators for poor prognosis of elderly NHL.

Application of umbilical venous catheter combined with peripherally inserted central catheter in very low birth weight infants / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the application of umbilical venous catheter (UVC) combined with peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) in very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective analysis was performed on the VLBWIs in the neonatal intensive care unit who received UVC combined with PICC (catheter group, n=63) or did not receive the catheter treatment (non-catheter group, n=38) to compare the differences in nosocomial infection, weight gain, and length of hospital stay between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The rate of nosocomial infection was 17% in the catheter group and 24% in the non-catheter group (P>0.05). Compared with the non-catheter group, the catheter group had a significantly higher weight gain (11.7±2.0 g/kg•d vs 10.6±2.3 g/kg•d; P<0.05) and a significantly shorter length of hospital stay (40±11 days vs 45±14 days; P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Compared with those not receiving catheter treatment, the VLBWIs receiving UVC combined with PICC have a markedly higher weight gain and a markedly shorter length of hospital stay and show a declining trend in the rate of nosocomial infection.</p>

Short-term curative efficacy of autologous cytokine induced killer cells combined with low-dose IL-2 regimen containing immune enhancement by thymic peptide in elderly patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was purposed to evaluate the safety and curative effect of autologous cytokine induced killer cells (CIK) combined with low-dose IL-2 regimen containing immune enhancement of thymic peptide on elderly patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). Thymic peptide α1 was subcutaneously given as the immunoenhancement agent at a dose of 1.6 mg/d, 14 days as one cycle. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) from 5 patients with B-CLL were isolated once a week to induce ex vivo CIK cells through culture in the context of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-2 and anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody. The PBMNC were separated from patients before and after 14 days as one cycle of thymic peptide α1 administration. Parameters of amplification ability, effector cells quantity, lymphocyte subgroups percentage and antitumor cytotoxicity were compared before and after thymic peptide administration. The 5 patients were treated with CIK cells combined with low-dose IL-2 regimen immediately after injection of thymic peptide α1. The CIK cells plus low-dose IL-2 regimen containing thymic peptide enhancement was defined as: thymic peptide α1 1.6 mg/d was subcutaneously administered once every other day; (4 - 6) ×10(9) of CIK cells were transfused followed by IL-2 subcutaneous administration of 1 mU/d on days 1-10, 28 days as one cycle. Clinical evaluation parameters including cellular immunity function, CLL related biomarkers, disease state and infectious frequency and degree were investigated before and after CIK cells infusion puls IL-2. The results showed that the amount of amplified CIK cells, the percentage and amplification times of effector cells and antitumor cytotoxicity more significantly increased after thymic peptide α1 treatment than before its use (P < 0.05). The total 46 cycles of CIK cells infusion plus IL-2 were completed in the 5 CLL patients. No adverse reaction was observed. After treatment of CIK cells plus IL-2, the general conditions of 5 CLL patients were to different extent improved. Simultaneously, percentages of CD3(+), CD3(+)CD8(+), and CD3(+)CD56(+) cells in peripheral blood remarked by raised (P < 0.05), the serum level of β2 microglobulin was significantly declined (P < 0.05), and the frequency and degree of infection was also decreased (P < 0.05). Following CIK cells plus IL-2 therapy, the transformation of disease state from partial remission (PR) to complete remission was seen in 3 patients, from stable disease (SD) to PR in 1 patient, and from progress of disease to SD in 1 patient. It is concluded that the regimen of autologous CIK cells combined with low-dose IL-2 containing immune enhancement of thymic peptide is safety and effective for the treatment of elderly patients with B-CLL.

Research progress on immunocyte senescence - review / 中国实验血液学杂志

The function of immune system degenerates in an aging-dependent manner and this results in immunosenescence. Human immune system includes two parts: genetic/innate immunity and adaptive immunity. The former is involved in monocytes, nature killer cells, and dendritic cells, the later is involved in acquired B and T lymphocytes. During the aging of immunity system, the both parts of immunity are damaged to some degree. Generally, innate immunity seems well-retained and the acquired immunity is degenerative seriously with aging. Immunocyte senescence is closely related to the elderly decreased ability to control infectious disease, cancer and to their generally poor response to vaccination. This review summarized the research progress on immunosenescence characteristics in aged phase.

Clinicopathological features of acute tumor lysis syndrome in elderly patients with malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was purposed to investigate the clinicopathological features of acute tumor lysis syndrome (ATLS) in elderly patients with malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, so as to explore its diagnosis and treatments. 2 cases of ATLS in elderly patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were retrospectively analyzed, including progress of tumor, the level of laboratory examination, clinical manifestation and response to treatments. Data regarding clinical and biochemical parameters were collected. The results indicated that the 2 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were found to have high tumor burden, and were sensitive to anti-tumor treatments, and had many promoting factors of ATLS. 1 patient displayed hyperkalemia, but another displayed hypokalemia. Both patients were given allopurinol, hydration and alkalization, and one was given dialysis. But both died because of disease deterioration. ATLS rarely occurred in patients who were treated by rituximab only. But the patients with high grade NHL and high tumor burden maybe develop ATLS during 1 - 4 days after given rituximab. In conclusion, ATLS is one of factors of death in patients with malignant lymphoma. The clinical manifestation is not typical, and the diagnosis mainly depends on laboratory examination parameters. Earlier judgment, prophylaxis and effective treatment are important for improving prognosis of elderly DLBCL-NHL.

Improvement of quantitative method on anti-HBs / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Through detecting the standard preparation with series of concentration to indirectly calculate the anti-HBs concentration of the serum samples, a suitable anti-HBs quantitative method for our laboratory was found after comparing the two kinds of methods.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Detecting the anti-HBs standard preparation with series of concentration by RIA method, standard curvilinear equations were obtained by the means of fitting the detected result and the corresponding concentration by log-log model and exponential curve model respectively. Then the fitting efficiency of two curves was compared. By calculating the concentrations of the reference using two standard curvilinear equations, we can compare the accuracy of two quantitative methods.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The error mean square of the exponential curve model is low as 1.2971 and the determinate coefficient is close to 1 with the value of 0.9904. The average concentrations (n=6) of the detected reference calculated by two curvilinear equation with the actual concentration of 30.0 mIU/mL are (32.28 +/- 1.06) and (31.91 +/- 1.06) mIU/ mL respectively. The concentration calculated by exponential curve model is only 6.37% higher than the actual concentration.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Fitting by exponential curve model is more practical to estimate the actual concentration of the serum samples those will be detected. It can be used as an optimal quantitative method to detect anti-HBs concentration.</p>

Relationship between polymorphisms of FCGR2B and susceptibility of children idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura / 中国实验血液学杂志

The aim of study was to investigate the relationship between polymorphisms of FCGR2B232 1/T oligonucleotide and the susceptibility of children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). DNA from 76 patients with ITP and 37 controls was extracted. The SNPs of FCGR2B-232 was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with direct sequencing. The genotype distribution and allele frequency among different groups were compared. The results showed that the genotype (I/I, I/T, T/T) of FCGR2B-232 were 55.3%, 42.1%, and 2.6% in 76 patients with ITP, while 81.1%, 18.9%, 0% in 37 controls. The allele frequencies of FCGR2B-232 in patients with ITP were 76.3% (I232) and 23.7% (T232), but 90.5% and 9.5% in controls. There were significant differences in genotype distributions between the ITP patients and controls (chi(2) = 7.45, = 0.024). The enrichment in Thr232 allele carrier was also significant among the ITP patients as compared with the controls (chi(2) = 7.18, p = 0.007, odds ratio 3.47). There were also significant differences in allele frequencies between the ITP patients and controls [chi(2) = 6.54, p = 0.011, odds ratio 2.97, 95% CI (1.25 - 7.05)]. It is concluded that the polymorphisms of FCGR2B-232 significantly correlates with the susceptibility of children suffering from ITP. The minor Thr232 allele may be a risk genetic factor to ITP children.

Proteiomic patterns for endometrial cancer using SELDI-TOF-MS / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Serum samples from endometrial cancer (EC) patients and healthy females were analyzed using surface-enhanced laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) to discover the potential diagnostic biomarker for detection of EC. A preliminary training set of spectra derived from 40 EC patients and 30 healthy women were used to develop a proteomic model that effectively discriminated cancer patients from healthy women. The training set had a specificity of 100% and sensitivity of 92.5% in the EC detection. A blind test set, including 20 new cancer cases and 10 healthy women, was used to validate the sensitivity and specificity of this multivariate model, which had a corresponding results of 60% in specificity and 75% in sensitivity, respectively. The combination of SELDI-TOF-MS with bioinformatics tools could help find new biomarkers and establish the detection of EC with high sensitivity and specificity.

Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus infection in different cervical lesion among organized health-examination women in Shanghai, China / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Cervical cancer is the second most common cause of death from cancer among women worldwide. Human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a central role in the etiology of cervical cancer. It is important to describe the prevalence of HPV infection in different types of cervical lesions and to explore the relation between HPV viral load and the severity of cervical lesions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>To describe the HPV infection prevalence and viral load in different age groups, we retrospectively investigated 6405 cases of women who were organized by their units to take health-examination. They were given Hybrid Capture II tests between January 2005 and December 2006. The correlation between HPV viral load and pathology was assessed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Overall HPV infection prevalence was 29.1% (1864/6405), while in women 18-20 years old it was 54.4% (31/57), the highest among all age groups. After declining rapidly, HPV prevalence stabilized at about 30.0% in women aged 30 and older. Of the 6405 women, 1483 women had a colposcopic biopsy and 33.2% (492/1483) were positive for HPV DNA. Twenty-one percent of women with a normal diagnosis (238/1095) had HPV infection, a statistically significantly lower prevalence than in women with cervical lesions, including those with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (68.8% in CIN1, 66.7% in CIN2, and 76.5% in CIN3) or with cervical cancer (94.1%). The correlation coefficient between viral load and cervical lesion severity was 0.134, which was not statistically significant (P = 0.075). Viral load values in women with CINs and cervical cancer were calculated, and no significant differences were identified.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The prevalence of high-risk HPV infection among women attending hospitals for health-examination in Shanghai is similar to the worldwide rate. HPV viral load can distinguish cervical lesions from normal individuals but cannot adequately predict the severity of cervical lesions.</p>

Expression of human IL-12 in mammalian cell and study on its biological activities / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To obtain recombinant human interleukin 12 by genetic engineering, and to explore possibility of its clinical application in treatment of tumor and chronic hepatitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Bicistronic expression vector P35-IRES-P40 was constructed for the simultaneous translation of IL-12 p35 and p40 cDNA subunit through internal ribosomal entry sites (IRES). pCI-dhfr-P35-IRES-P40 vector was constructed for expression in CHO-DHFR- cells. Positively cloned cells were screened by means of ELISA. Pools of clones with increased expression of IL-12 could be generated by selection in methotrexate. To determine the biological activities of rhIL-12, PHA-activated lymphoblasts proliferation assay and IFN-gamma induction assay were used in this study.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Genetically engineered cells expressing hIl-12 were obtained and all the cell lines showed the stabile expression of rhIL-12 in high efficiency and good growth properties.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>rhIL-12 have good biological activities, it can stimulate activation and proliferation of T cells and induce production of IFN-gamma.</p>

Variations of hepatitis B virus infection epidemic pattern after long-term HBV vaccine immunization / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the epidemic pattern and trend of HBV infection in the area where the people had been immunized by HBV vaccine for 20 years.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The whole sampling method was applied in combination with cross-sectional investigation. Blood samples were taken from every member of families. Markers of HBV infection were determined by using solid-phase radioimmunoassay (SPRIA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The average HBsAg positive rate was 7.5%. The positive rate of markers for HBV infection of 0-19 years old subjects were lower than those of > or = 20 years old subjects. (2) The positive rate of HBsAg of 0-19 years old subjects in 1985 was higher than that in 2005. The anti-HBs positive rate in 1985 stemmed to be higher with age. It was 12.4% in 1- age group to 53.8% in >60 years age group. While the result of 2005 showed that the anti-HBs positive rate of 0-19 years old subjects dropped with age. The anti-HBc positive rate in 1985 also tended to be higher with age. But the result of 2005 showed that the rate of 0-19 years old subjects was just 1.4% to 16.8%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The epidemic patterns of HBV infection have had significant variations in the target population. HBV vaccine immunization has obtained excellent efficacy.</p>

Expression of hepatitis delta antigen Inner Mongolian strain in prokaryotic cell and analysis of its antigenicity / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To obtain high yield and good antigenic activity of HDV L-Ag and to detect different regional patients' sera to test the purified antigen's antigenicity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Hepatitis delta virus' sequence was obtained from Inner Mongolian patient by using RT-PCR and PCR methods, PET43a was used and His-tag was added at the HDV L-Ag 5' and 3' to construct the recombinant expression plasmid, transform the plasmid into host bacterium BL21 and induce it with IPTG. The expression supernatant was purified by saturated (NH4)2SO4 and affinity chromatography. The activity and antigenicity of the expressed product were analyzed by using EIA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Comparison of results obtained with detection by using the expressed protein coated plate and ABBOTT Murex anti-Delta (total) of 15 positive and 10 negative sera, the consistency was good (100%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EIA proved that the purified antigen had good antigenicity, no serological difference was found in detection between different region's sera, therefore the purified delta antigen may be useful in diagnostic and other research.</p>

Study on the variations of hepatitis B virus status among people having received hepatitis B vaccine / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the epidemiological pattern and trends of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the area where people had been immunized by HBV vaccine for long time.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Through cluster sampling and cross-sectional study, relative information and blood samples from people in Long-an county by families were collected. Signals of HBV infection were tested by solid-phase reverse immunosorbent test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The average HBsAg positive rate was 7.5% with anti-HBs as 44.5 %, and anti-HBc as 47.8%. The positive rates of HBsAg and anti-HBc among 0-19 year-olds were lower than those of > or = 20 year-olds. (2) The positive rates of HBsAg, anti-HBc and HBV infection among HBV vaccine immunized group were 2.8%, 12.0% and 12.5% respectively, comparing with which among the un-immunized group as 10.2%, 69.8% and 71.2% respectively. (3) The HBsAg positive rate of male was higher than the female's but with no significant difference of anti-HBs and anti-HBc between different sexes. (4) The average HBsAg positive rate of 0-19 years old group was only 2.4%, while that of 20-30 years old group was 13.6%-17.7% and dropped from 60 years old group and on. The anti-HBs positive rate of 0-19 years old people started to drop significantly by age. The anti-HBs and anti-HBc positive rates of > or = 20 years people were showing a rising trend by ages.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It seemed obviously that the HBV epidemiological patterns had changed after HBV vaccine had been universally used for long time in newborns. The age peak of infection had been pushed backward for nearly 20 years. It had been proved that the HBV vaccine immunization program had obtained excellent efficacy.</p>

Mutational analysis of EGFR and K-RAS in Chinese patients with non-small cell lung cancer / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate gene mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and K-RAS in Chinese non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mutations of exons 18, 19 and 21 of the EGFR and codons 12, 13 of the K-RAS in 101 NSCLCs were detected by PCR-amplifying and gene sequencing, and the relationship between mutations and clinical characters of NSCLCs and response to gefitinib were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Overall, 26 EGFR mutations (25.7%), 3 K-RAS mutations (2.9%) were detected, and EGFR mutation frequencies in adenocarcinomas, nonsmoker and female were found to be high (44.2%, 65.7% and 48.3% respectively). Nine out of 10 gefitinib treated patients with disease control was found with EGFR mutation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The data suggest that mutation frequency of EGFR in NSCLCs from Chinese patients is higher than that of western ethnicities, such mutations are well correlated with tumor response to gefitinib, and gefitinib is more fit for Chinese NSCLC patients.</p>

Expression of the hepatitis Delta antigen in prokaryotic cell and evaluation of its application as an EIA diagnostic reagent / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To construct the pRSETB-HDAg recombinant expression plasmid and to obtain soluble hepatitis D virus antigen with high biological and antigenic activity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HDAg gene fragment was inserted into fusion expression pRSET B vector that includes T7 promoter and a polyhistidine tag. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into host bacterium BL21 after induction with IPTG. The expression supernatant was purified by chelating affinity chromatography and the recombinant HDAg antigenic activity was detected by EIA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>EIA detection using the recombinant HDAg showed strong positive reaction with hepatitis D patients sera. The positive rates of the EIA, compared with HDAg from USA and Hua Mei EIA kit in detecting 26 cases of anti-HDV positive reference sera, were 100%, 96.15% and 100%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Recombinant plasmid for HDAg with good antigenicity was successfully constructed and could be used as hepatitis D antibody detection reagent.</p>